In this study, an algorithm that combines MODIS Terra and Aqua (500 m) and the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) (4 km) is presented to provide a daily cloud-free snow-cover product (500 m), namely Terra-Aqua-IMS (TAI). The overall accuracy of the new TAI is 92.3% as compared with ground stations in all-sky conditions; this value is significantly higher than the 63.1% of the blended MODIS Terra-Aqua product and the 54.6% and 49% of the original MODIS Terra and Aqua products, respectively. Without the IMS, the daily combination of MODIS Terra-Aqua over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can only remove limited cloud contamination: 37.3% of the annual mean cloud coverage compared with the 46.6% (MODIS Terra) and 55.1% (MODIS Aqua). The resulting annual mean snow cover over the TP from the daily TAI data is 19.1%, which is similar to the 20.6% obtained from the 8-day MODIS Terra product (MOD10A2) but much larger than the 8.1% from the daily blended MODIS Terra-Aqua product due to the cloud blockage.
ZHANG Guoqing
The data set includes annual mass balance of Naimona’nyi glacier (northern branch) from 2008 to 2018, daily meteorological data at two automatic meteorological stations (AWSs) near the glacier from 2011 to 2018 and monthly air temperature and relative humidity on the glacier from 2018 to 2019. In the end of September or early October for each year , the stake heights and snow-pit features (snow layer density and stratigraphy) are manually measured to derive the annual point mass balance. Then the glacier-wide mass balance was then calculated （Please to see the reference). Two automatic weather stations (AWSs, Campbell company) were installed near the Naimona’nyi Glacier. AWS1, at 5543 m a. s.l., recorded meteorological variables from October 2011 at half hourly resolution, including air temperature (℃), relative humidity (%), and downward shortwave radiation (W m-2) . AWS2 was installed at 5950 m a.s.l. in October 2010 at hourly resolution and recorded wind speed (m/s), air pressure (hPa), precipitation (mm). Data quality: the quality of the original data is better, less missing. Firstly, the abnormal data in the original records are removed, and then the daily values of these parameters are calculated. Two probes (Hobo MX2301) which record air temperature and relative humidity was installed on the glacier at half hour resolution since October 2018. The observed meteorological data was calculated as monthly values. The data is stored in Excel file. It can be used by researchers for studying the changes in climate, hydrology, glaciers, etc.
Huabiao Zhao
We comprehensively estimated water volume changes for 1132 lakes larger than 1 km2. Overall, the water mass stored in the lakes increased by 169.7±15.1 Gt (3.9±0.4 Gt yr-1) between 1976 and 2019, mainly in the Inner-TP (157.6±11.6 or 3.7±0.3 Gt yr-1). A substantial increase in mass occurred between 1995 and 2019 (214.9±12.7 Gt or 9.0±0.5 Gt yr-1), following a period of decrease (-45.2±8.2 Gt or -2.4±0.4 Gt yr-1) prior to 1995. A slowdown in the rate of water mass increase occurred between 2010 and 2015 (23.1±6.5 Gt or 4.6±1.3 Gt yr-1), followed again by a high value between 2015 and 2019 (65.7±6.7 Gt or 16.4±1.7 Gt yr-1). The increased lake-water mass occurred predominately in glacier-fed lakes (127.1±14.3 Gt) in contrast to non-glacier-fed lakes (42.6±4.9 Gt), and in endorheic lakes (161.9±14.0 Gt) against exorheic lakes (7.8±5.8 Gt) over 1976−2019.
ZHANG Guoqing
The long-time series data set of extreme precipitation index in the arid region of Central Asia contains 10 extreme precipitation index long-time series data of 49 stations. Based on the daily precipitation data of the global daily climate historical data network (ghcn-d), the data quality control and outlier elimination were used to select the stations that meet the extreme precipitation index calculation. Ten extreme precipitation indexes (prcptot, SDII, rx1day, rx5day, r95ptot, r99ptot, R10, R20) defined by the joint expert group on climate change detection and index (etccdi) were calculated 、CWD、CDD）。 Among them, there are 15 time series from 1925 to 2005. This data set can be used to detect and analyze the frequency and trend of extreme precipitation events in the arid region of Central Asia under global climate change, and can also be used as basic data to explore the impact of extreme precipitation events on agricultural production and life and property losses.
YAO Junqiang, CHEN Jing, LI Jiangang
Soil moisture is one of the core variables in the water cycle. Although its variation is very small, for a precipitation process, soil moisture directly determines the transformation of precipitation into evaporation, runoff and groundwater, which is very important to finely simulate spatial-temporal dynamics of various variables in hydrological process and to accurately estimate water inflow in the upper reaches of Heihe River. This dataset includes soil moisture and temperature data observed by 40 nodes from July 2013 to December 2017. Each node in Babao River Basin has soil moisture observation at depth of 4cm and 20cm; some nodes also include observations at depth of 10 cm. The data observation frequency is 1 hour. The dataset can provide ground -based observations for hydrological simulation, data assimilation and remote sensing verification.
JIN Rui, KANG Jian
This dataset includes the observation data from 01 Jan. 2019 through 31 Dec. 2018, collected by lysimeters, which are located at 115.788 E, 40.349 N and 480 m above sea level, near the Huailai Station in East Garden Town, Huailai County, Hebei Province. The land cover around the station was maize crop. The weighable lysimeter was built by UMS GmbH (Germany), with a surface area of 1m2, and a soil column of 1.5 m high. The original data sampling frequency was 1 Hz, and then averaged to 10min for distribution. The precision of the weighing data is 10g (equivalent to 0.01mm). During the crop growth period, a lysimeter is covered by bare soil and another one is covered by planted maize. The soil moisture, temperature and soil water potential sensors are installed both inside and outside of the lysimeter to ensure that the water cycle in the soil column is consistent with that of the field. Different sensors are located at different depths: 5, 50, 100 cm for soil temperature sensors, and 5, 10, 30, 50, 100 cm for soil moisture sensors, and 30 and 140cm for soil water potential sensors (the tensionmeter here can also measure soil temperature at 30, 140 cm). The soil heat flux plates in both lysimeters are buried at 10cm depth. The data processes and quality control according to: 1) ensuring there were 144 data every day, the lost data were replaced by -6999; 2) deleting the abnormal data; 3) deleting the outlier data; 4) keeping the consistent date and time format (e.g.2018-6-10 10:30). The distributed data include the following variables: Date-Time, Weight (I.L_1_WAG_L_000(Kg), I.L_2_WAG_L_000(Kg)), Drainage Weight (I.L_1_WAG_D_000(Kg), I.L_2_WAG_D_000(Kg)), Soil Heat Flux (Gs_1_10cm, Gs_2_10cm) (W/m2), Soil Moisture (Ms_1_5cm, Ms_1_10cm, Ms_1_30cm, Ms_1_50cm, Ms_1_100cm, Ms_2_5cm, Ms_2_10cm, Ms_2_30cm, Ms_2_50cm, Ms_2_100cm) (%), Soil Temperature (Ts_1_5cm , Ts_1_30cm, Ts_1_50cm, Ts_1_100cm, Ts_1_140cm, Ts_2_5cm , Ts_2_30cm, Ts_2_50cm, Ts_2_100cm, Ts_2_140cm) (C), Soil Water Potential (TS_1_30(hPa), TS_1_140(hPa), TS_2_30(hPa), TS_2_140(hPa)). The format of datasets was *.xls.
LIU Shaomin, ZHU Zhongli, XU Ziwei
This dataset includes the observation data from 01 Jan. 2019 through 31 Dec. 2019, collected by lysimeters, which are located at 115.788E, 40.349N and 480 m above sea level, near the Huailai Station in East Garden Town, Huailai County, Hebei Province. The land cover around the station was maize crop. The weighable lysimeter was built by UMS GmbH (Germany), with a surface area of 1m2, and a soil column of 1.5 m high. The original data sampling frequency was 1 Hz, and then averaged to 10min for distribution. The precision of the weighing data is 10g (equivalent to 0.01mm). During the crop growth period, a lysimeter is covered by bare soil and another one is covered by planted maize. The soil moisture, temperature and soil water potential sensors are installed both inside and outside of the lysimeter to ensure that the water cycle in the soil column is consistent with that of the field. Different sensors are located at different depths: 5, 50, 100 cm for soil temperature sensors, and 5, 10, 30, 50, 100 cm for soil moisture sensors, and 30 and 140cm for soil water potential sensors (the tensionmeter here can also measure soil temperature at 30, 140 cm). The soil heat flux plates in both lysimeters are buried at 10cm depth. The data processes and quality control according to: 1) ensuring there were 144 data every day, the lost data were replaced by -6999; 2) deleting the abnormal data; 3) deleting the outlier data; 4) keeping the consistent date and time format (e.g. 2019-01-01 10:30). The distributed data include the following variables: Date-Time, Weight (I.L_1_WAG_L_000(Kg), I.L_2_WAG_L_000(Kg)), Drainage Weight (I.L_1_WAG_D_000(Kg), I.L_2_WAG_D_000(Kg)), Soil Heat Flux (Gs_1_10cm, Gs_2_10cm) (W/m2), Soil Moisture (Ms_1_5cm, Ms_1_10cm, Ms_1_30cm, Ms_1_50cm, Ms_1_100cm, Ms_2_5cm, Ms_2_10cm, Ms_2_30cm, Ms_2_50cm, Ms_2_100cm) (%), Soil Temperature (Ts_1_5cm , Ts_1_30cm, Ts_1_50cm, Ts_1_100cm, Ts_1_140cm, Ts_2_5cm , Ts_2_30cm, Ts_2_50cm, Ts_2_100cm, Ts_2_140cm) (C), Soil Water Potential (TS_1_30(hPa), TS_1_140(hPa), TS_2_30(hPa), TS_2_140(hPa)). The format of datasets was *.xls.
LIU Shaomin, ZHU Zhongli, XU Ziwei
This dataset obtained from an observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Huailai station from January 1 to December 31, 2019. The site (115.7923° E, 40.3574° N) was located on a cropland (maize surface) which is near Donghuayuan town of Huailai city, Hebei Province. The elevation is 480 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 m, towards north), wind speed and direction profile (3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 m, towards north), air pressure (in the box), rain gauge (3 m, south of tower), four-component radiometer (4 m, south of tower), two infrared temperature sensors (4 m, south of tower, vertically downward), photosynthetically active radiation (4 m, south of tower, vertically upward), soil heat flux (3 duplicates, -0.06 m), a TCAV averaging soil thermocouple probe (-0.02, -0.04 m), soil temperature profile (-0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m), soil moisture profile (-0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_3 m, Ta_5 m, Ta_10 m, Ta_15 m, Ta_20 m, Ta_30 m, and Ta_40 m; RH_3 m, RH_5 m, RH_10 m, RH_15 m, RH_20 m, RH_30 m, and RH_40 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_3 m, Ws_5 m, Ws_15 m, Ws_20 m, Ws_30 m, and Ws_40 m) (m/s), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IRT_2) (℃), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (μmol/ (s m-2)), average soil temperature (TCAV, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, and Gs_3) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_80 cm, Ts_120 cm, and Ts_160 cm) (℃), soil moisture (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_80 cm, Ms_120 cm, and Ms_160 cm) (%, volumetric water content). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The missing data were denoted by -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2019-6-10 10:30. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Guo et al. (2020) (for sites information), Liu et al. (2013) for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, XIAO Qing, XU Ziwei, BAI Junhua
This dataset obtained from an observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Huailai station from January 1 to December 31, 2018. The site (115.7923° E, 40.3574° N) was located on a cropland (maize surface) which is near Donghuayuan town of Huailai city, Hebei Province. The elevation is 480 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 m, towards north), wind speed and direction profile (3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 m, towards north), air pressure (in the box), rain gauge (3 m, south of tower), four-component radiometer (4 m, south of tower), two infrared temperature sensors (4 m, south of tower, vertically downward), photosynthetically active radiation (4 m, south of tower, vertically upward), soil heat flux (3 duplicates, -0.06 m), a TCAV averaging soil thermocouple probe (-0.02, -0.04 m), soil temperature profile (-0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m), soil moisture profile (-0.02, -0.04, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -1.6 m). The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_3 m, Ta_5 m, Ta_10 m, Ta_15 m, Ta_20 m, Ta_30 m, and Ta_40 m; RH_3 m, RH_5 m, RH_10 m, RH_15 m, RH_20 m, RH_30 m, and RH_40 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_3 m, Ws_5 m, Ws_10 m, Ws_15 m, Ws_20 m, Ws_30 m, and Ws_40 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_10 m) (°), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_1 and IRT_2) (℃), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (μmol/ (s m-2)), average soil temperature (TCAV, ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, and Gs_3) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_2 cm, Ts_4 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, Ts_80 cm, Ts_120 cm, and Ts_160 cm) (℃), soil moisture (Ms_2 cm, Ms_4 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, Ms_80 cm, Ms_120 cm, and Ms_160 cm) (%, volumetric water content). The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The missing data were denoted by -6999. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2018-6-10 10:30. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Guo et al. (2020) (for sites information), Liu et al. (2013) for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, XIAO Qing, XU Ziwei, BAI Junhua
This dataset contains the flux measurements from the large aperture scintillometer (LAS) at Huailai station. There were two types of LASs: German BLS450 and zzLAS. The observation periods were from January 1 to December 31, 2019. The site ( (north: 115.7825° E, 40.3522° N; south: 115.7880° E, 40.3491° N) was located in the Donghuahuan town of Huailai city, Hebei Province. The elevation is 480 m. The underlying surface between the two towers contains mainly maize. The effective height of the LASs was 14 m; the path length was 1870 m. Data were sampled at 1 min intervals. Raw data acquired at 1 min intervals were processed and quality-controlled. The data were subsequently averaged over 30 min periods. The main quality control steps were as follows. (1) The data were rejected when Cn2 was beyond the saturated criterion. (2) Data were rejected when the demodulation signal was small. (3) Data were rejected within 1 h of precipitation. (4) Data were rejected at night when weak turbulence occurred (u* was less than 0.1 m/s). The sensible heat flux was iteratively calculated by combining with meteorological data and based on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. There were several instructions for the released data. (1) The data were primarily obtained from BLS450 measurements; missing flux measurements from the BLS450 were filled with measurements from the zzLAS. Missing data were denoted by -6999. (2) The dataset contained the following variables: data/time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss), the structural parameter of the air refractive index (Cn2, m-2/3), and the sensible heat flux (H_LAS, W/m^2). (3) In this dataset, the time of 0:30 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:30; the data were stored in *.xls format. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Guo et al. (2020) (for sites information), Liu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, XU Ziwei
This dataset contains the flux measurements from the large aperture scintillometer (LAS) at Huailai station. There were two types of LASs: German BLS450 and zzLAS. The observation periods were from January 1 to December 31, 2018. The site ( (north: 115.7825° E, 40.3522° N; south: 115.7880° E, 40.3491° N) was located in the Donghuahuan town of Huailai city, Hebei Province. The elevation is 480 m. The underlying surface between the two towers contains mainly maize. The effective height of the LASs was 14 m; the path length was 1870 m. Data were sampled at 1 min intervals. Raw data acquired at 1 min intervals were processed and quality-controlled. The data were subsequently averaged over 30 min periods. The main quality control steps were as follows. (1) The data were rejected when Cn2 was beyond the saturated criterion. (2) Data were rejected when the demodulation signal was small. (3) Data were rejected within 1 h of precipitation. (4) Data were rejected at night when weak turbulence occurred (u* was less than 0.1 m/s). The sensible heat flux was iteratively calculated by combining with meteorological data and based on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. There were several instructions for the released data. (1) The data were primarily obtained from BLS450 measurements; missing flux measurements from the BLS450 were filled with measurements from the zzLAS. Missing data were denoted by -6999. (2) The dataset contained the following variables: data/time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss), the structural parameter of the air refractive index (Cn2, m-2/3), and the sensible heat flux (H_LAS, W/m^2). (3) In this dataset, the time of 0:30 corresponds to the average data for the period between 0:00 and 0:30; the data were stored in *.xls format. Moreover, suspicious data were marked in red. For more information, please refer to Guo et al. (2020) (for sites information), Liu et al. (2013) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
LIU Shaomin, XU Ziwei
This data set mainly includes daily surface evapotranspiration products in Heihe River Basin (HRB) from 2010 to 2016, with a resolution of 100 meters. Based on multi-source remote sensing data (MODIS Landsat TM/ETM+ data) and regional meteorological data (China meteorological forcing dataset, CMFD), sensitivity parameters of the theoretically robust surface energy balance system (SEBS) model were determined through global sensitivity analysis, and then the parameterization scheme of the model was optimized to improve the estimation accuracy. At the same time, combined with spatial and temporal data fusion algorithm of remote sensing image. Finally, the High-Temporal and Landsat-Like surface evapotranspiration (ET) (HiTLL ET) was obtained over the Heihe Basin. It was validation by the EC measurements from the flux observation stations and ETMap, and the estimation results are consistent with the observation and the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of ETMap. This data set can provide data support for the study of water consumption law and scientific effective management of watershed water resources within HRB, especially for woodland and grassland in the upper stream regions, oasis farmland and desert vegetation in the midstream and downstream regions.
MA Yanfei, LIU Shaomin
Estimate of the thermal state of the ocean is of vital importance to understand the process of air-sea interaction and footprint of climate change in the Indian Ocean. However, the insufficiency and poor coverage of subsurface observation brings quite a large challenge to estimate the subsurface temperature changes accurately. Moreover, surface observation from satellite contains well sample and could also reflect the subsurface information partly. We derived the ‘synthetic profiles’ based on the ‘surface-subsurface regression’ method in order to enrich the subsurface profiles. Then the 3-dimentional gridded temperature dataset are established by combining both the in-situ and synthetic profiles through objective analysis technique. Inter-comparison between the previous released datasets, such as IAP, EN4 and Ishii, this dataset could capture main thermal signal among the Indian Ocean and shows more mesoscale signal because of its higher resolution. This dataset provides monthly mean gridded subsurface temperature estimate among 30E-105E, 45S-30N, ranging from 2005 to 2018. We provide with dataset which has horizontal resolution in quarter degree and 42 vertical levels from surface to 2000-m depth in netCDF format.
WANG Gongjie, ZHAO Liang
The data includes the daily mean value of stable isotope δ18O in precipitation, the air temperature and precipitation amounts in Bomi in 2008; the precipitation samples are collected by Bomi meteorological station, and the stable isotope of precipitation is measured at the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, France., The δ18O amounts were measured by equilibration on a MAT-252 mass spectrometer, with an analytical precision of 0.05‰. The air temperatures and precipitation amounts were recorded for each precipitation events at Bomi meteorological stations, through the average of the observed temperature before and after the precipitation event, and through the total precipitation amount for each event. The data study has been published in the Journal of Climate, entitled Precipitation Water Stable Isotopes in the South Tibetan Plateau: Observations and Modeling.
GAO Jing
Precipitation stable isotopes (2H and 18O) are adequately understood on their climate controls in the Tibetan Plateau, especially the north of Himalayas via about 30 years’ studies. However, knowledge of controls on precipitation stable isotopes in Nepal (the south of Himalayas), is still far from sufficient. This study described the intra-seasonal and annual variations of precipitation stable isotopes at Kathmandu, Nepal from 10 May 2016 to 21 September 2018 and analysed the possible controls on precipitation stable isotopes. All samples are located in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal (27 degrees north latitude, 85 degrees east longitude), with an average altitude of about 1400 m. Combined with the meteorological data from January 1, 2001 to September 21, 2018, the values of precipitation (P), temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) are given.
GAO Jing
Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable for high temperature and drought monitoring and climate and ecological environment research. Due to the sparse distribution of ground observation stations, thermal infrared remote sensing technology has become an important means of quickly obtaining ground temperature over large areas. However, there are many missing and low-quality values in satellite-based LST data because clouds cover more than 60% of the global surface every day. This article presents a unique LST dataset with a monthly temporal resolution for China from 2003 to 2017 that makes full use of the advantages of MODIS data and meteorological station data to overcome the defects of cloud influence via a reconstruction model. We specifically describe the reconstruction model, which uses a combination of MODIS daily data, monthly data and meteorological station data to reconstruct the LST in areas with cloud coverage and for grid cells with elevated LST error, and the data performance is then further improved by establishing a regression analysis model. The validation indicates that the new LST dataset is highly consistent with in situ observations. For the six natural subregions with different climatic conditions in China, verification using ground observation data shows that the root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from 1.24 to 1.58 K, the mean absolute error (MAE) varies from 1.23 to 1.37 K and the Pearson coefficient (R2) ranges from 0.93 to 0.99. The new dataset adequately captures the spatiotemporal variations in LST at annual, seasonal and monthly scales. From 2003 to 2017, the overall annual mean LST in China showed a weak increase. Moreover, the positive trend was remarkably unevenly distributed across China. The most significant warming occurred in the central and western areas of the Inner Mongolia Plateau in the Northwest Region, and the average annual temperature change is greater than 0.1K (R>0:71, P<0:05), and a strong negative trend was observed in some parts of the Northeast Region and South China Region. Seasonally, there was significant warming in western China in winter, which was most pronounced in December. The reconstructed dataset exhibits significant improvements and can be used for the spatiotemporal evaluation of LST in high-temperature and drought-monitoring studies. More detail please refer to Zhao et al (2020). doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528024
MAO Kebiao
The Land Surface Temperature in China dataset contains land surface temperature data for China (about 9.6 million square kilometers of land) during the period of 2003-2017, in Celsius, in monthly temporal and 5600 m spatial resolution. It is produced by combing MODIS daily data(MOD11C1 and MYD11C1), monthly data(MOD11C3 and MYD11C3) and meteorological station data to reconstruct real LST under cloud coverage in monthly LST images, and then a regression analysis model is constructed to further improve accuracy in six natural subregions with different climatic conditions.
MAO Kebiao
Daily precipitation data was reconstructed for streamflow simulation in the entire UB by combining orographic and linear correction approaches based on 262 gauge observations. The reconstructed precipitation is used to drive the VIC hydrological model linked with a temperature-index model (VIC-Glacier) , and is inversely evaluated by comparing with observed discharge, glacier area changes, and MODIS-based snow cover faction (SCF) data in the upper Brahmaputra Basin.
SU Fengge, SUN He
This dataset contains measurements of L-band brightness temperature by an ELBARA-III microwave radiometer in horizontal and vertical polarization, profile soil moisture and soil temperature, turbulent heat fluxes, and meteorological data from the beginning of 2016 till August 2019, while the experiment is still continuing. Auxiliary vegetation and soil texture information collected in dedicated campaigns are also reported. This dataset can be used to validate the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite based observations and retrievals, verify radiative transfer model assumptions and validate land surface model and reanalysis outputs, retrieve soil properties, as well as to quantify land-atmosphere exchanges of energy, water and carbon and help to reduce discrepancies and uncertainties in current Earth System Models (ESM) parameterizations. ELBARA-III horizontal and vertical brightness temperature are computed from measured radiometer voltages and calibrated internal noise temperatures. The data is reliable, and its quality is evaluated by 1) Perform ‘histogram test’ on the voltage samples (raw-data) of the detector output at sampling frequency of 800 Hz. Statistics of the histogram test showed no non-Gaussian Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) were found when ELBAR-III was operated. 2) Check the voltages at the antenna ports measured during sky measurements. Results showed close values. 3) Check the instrument internal temperature, active cold source temperature and ambient temperature. 3) Analysis the angular behaviour of the processed brightness temperatures. -Temporal resolution: 30 minutes -Spatial resolution: incident angle of observation ranges from 40° to 70° in step of 5°. The area of footprint ranges between 3.31 m^2 and 43.64 m^2 -Accuracy of Measurement: Brightness temperature, 1 K; Soil moisture, 0.001 m^3 m^-3; Soil temperature, 0.1 °C -Unit: Brightness temperature, K; Soil moisture, m^3 m^-3; Soil temperature, °C/K
Bob Su, WEN Jun
This dataset contains 18 years (2002-2020) global spatio-temporal consistent surface soil moisture . The resolution is 36 km at daily scale, and the data unit is m3 / m3. This dataset adopts the soil moisture neural network retrieval algorithm developed by Yao et al. (2017). This study transfers the merits of SMAP to AMSR-E/2 through using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in which SMAP standard SSM products serve as training targets with AMSR-E/2 brightness temperature (TB) as input. Finally, long term soil moisture data are output. The accuracy is about 5% volumetric water content. (evaluation accuracy of 14 dense ground network globally.)
YAO Panpan, LU Hui
